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Category: Heritage

Documenting heritage with drones: baseline survey, 3D model and monitoring

How a drone records a monument without scaffolding or physical contact, and what you can do with the result.

By Anton De Vis, Founder and pilot3 min read
Castle with towers and a stone approach
Contents of this article
  1. What the capture delivers
  2. Detail at height
  3. Monitoring over the years
  4. Public engagement
  5. FAQ
  6. Is flying near a monument not risky?
  7. How accurate is a 3D scan?
  8. Can a drone also fly inside a monument?

Belgium has thousands of protected monuments, from belfries to chapels and industrial heritage. Weathering, moisture and cracks are often invisible from the ground. Scaffolding or industrial rope access technicians are expensive and bring their own risk to a vulnerable building. A drone records the condition without touching the building.

What the capture delivers

Using photogrammetry, we take hundreds to thousands of overlapping images of the monument. Software processes them into:

  • A point cloud: millions of measurement points recording the geometry of the building
  • A textured 3D model: in which the architect and restorer can study every detail remotely
  • Orthophotos per façade: scaled images without perspective, for mapping cracks or damp patches

Detail at height

A drone reaches places people struggle to get to: the top of a tower, ornaments high on a façade, a complex roof structure. With a high-resolution camera we record erosion, loose masonry or vegetation growth at a detail of a few millimetres per pixel.

Monitoring over the years

By repeating the capture periodically, for example every two years, the heritage manager can compare the condition objectively. Is a crack getting wider? Is an ornament shifting? That makes it possible to intervene before the damage becomes irreparable or much more expensive. Condition: the second capture uses the same reference and method as the first.

Public engagement

A 3D model can also be used for a virtual tour, an exhibition or as the basis for a scale model. A lightweight web version is enough for that, separate from the heavy technical files.

FAQ

Is flying near a monument not risky?

We fly to a fixed protocol, with a certified pilot and an aircraft with obstacle detection. Around fragile zones we keep extra distance. If there is doubt about wind, cables or nesting birds, we do not take off.

How accurate is a 3D scan?

That depends on distance, sensor, reference points and processing. Image resolution and accuracy are not the same. For each assignment we report the quality achieved and where the model is less reliable.

Can a drone also fly inside a monument?

Flying indoors requires a special drone with a protective cage that works without GPS. That is outside our standard offer. For interior captures we work with a specialist partner or propose a different method.

Read the cases: Inspection of the Boskapel in Imde · 3D model of a water tower

Related service: Heritage & Property

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About the author

Anton De VisFounder and pilot

I have been flying drones for more than ten years. I hold the EASA A1, A2 and A3 certificates, and HOVVR holds an operational authorisation in the Specific category based on a SORA risk assessment, for flights with increased risk such as those in urban environments.

  • Certificates: EASA Open A1/A2/A3
  • Authorisation: Specific category, operational authorisation based on a SORA risk assessment
  • Flying experience: 10 years

Quote request

Tell us which building it is and what you will use the data for

Archiving, restoration, measurement and public engagement each call for a different level of detail. With the building and the intended use, we propose the right resolution and delivery.

  • Location
  • Estimated area
  • Desired output
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